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101.
Kaviani MJ Malekzadeh R Vahedi H Sotoudeh M Kamalian N Amini M Massarrat S 《European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology》2001,13(8):915-919
INTRODUCTION: One of the most economical and effective therapeutic regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori is the classic triple therapy with amoxycillin or tetracycline, metronidazole and a bismuth derivative. Addition of H2-receptor antagonists to these drugs may heighten the rate of eradication and shorten the duration. We therefore performed a randomized controlled trial comparing twice daily metronidazole, bismuth derivative and amoxycillin for 2 weeks with additional ranitidine for 1 or 2 weeks. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 240 adult patients with duodenal ulcer and H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to one of the following regimens: (1) amoxycillin 1 g bid, metronidazole 500 mg bid, bismuth sub-citrate 240 mg bid and ranitidine 300 mg bid for 1 week; (2) triple therapy without ranitidine for 2 weeks; or (3) triple therapy plus ranitidine 300 mg bid for 2 weeks. Side-effects of the drugs were evaluated two weeks after starting the treatment. The rapid urease test and histology from antrum and corpus, and/or 14C- urea breath test were used to determine H. pylori eradication six weeks after starting the treatment. RESULTS: In total, 195 patients were followed up for 6 weeks. The most frequent drug side-effects were unpleasant taste (46%), dry mouth (41%) and fatigue (26%), which had an equal distribution in all treatment groups. Endoscopy and 14C- urea breath test were performed for 178 and 123 patients, respectively. Eradication of H. pylori was documented in 19/64 (29.7%), 29/63 (46%) and 50/68 (73.5%) of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P < 0.000001 for group 1 versus group 3; P < 0.0014 for group 2 versus group 3; difference not significant for group 1 versus group 2). An intention-to-treat analysis showed eradication rates of 19/80 (23.75%), 29/80 (36.25%) and 50/80 (62.5%) for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. At four weeks post-treatment, the most sensitive test for evaluation of eradication of H. pylori was histology. CONCLUSION: Although combined use of an H2-receptor antagonist and twice daily triple therapy in a two-week regimen is more effective than two-week triple or one-week quadruple therapy in Iranian patients, none of these regimens is ideal in countries with a probable high rate of resistant and strongly toxic strains of H. pylori. 相似文献
102.
Kalhan R Puthawala K Agarwal S Amini SB Kalhan SC 《Metabolism: clinical and experimental》2001,50(10):1197-1202
South Asians who immigrate to the United States have a propensity toward insulin resistance, central obesity, and elevated total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio. To evaluate whether these alterations are apparent at a younger age, we studied 32 offspring of South Asian immigrants and compared them with 29 of European descent between 18 to 30 years of age. American-born South Asian males had significantly higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (TC:LDL) ratios, triglycerides, and fasting insulin levels (13.9 +/- 7.1 and 10.0 +/- 5.5 microU/mL, P <.01) than their European counterparts. The South Asian females only had increased plasma insulin levels (15.3 +/- 8.8 and 10.0 +/- 5.1 microU/mL, P =.05). The entire South Asian group had higher truncal skinfold thickness (40.1 +/- 18.1 and 30.3 +/- 12.6 mm, P = <.05) and lower insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 levels (46.8 +/- 33.4 and 56.0 +/- 33.4 microg/L, P =.05). Plasma leptin levels were also significantly higher in both males (4.3 +/- 2.5 v 2.8 +/- 1.3 ng/mL, P =.0001) and females (20.5 +/- 10.3 v 10.3 +/- 6.3 ng/mL, P =.002) South Asian subjects. A significant correlation between plasma leptin and insulin, triglycerides, TC, and body mass index (BMI) was seen in the South Asian males. South Asians born in the United States show evidence for an altered metabolic profile in young adulthood. The relative contributions of inheritance and nutritional practices early in life to this alteration remain unclear. 相似文献
103.
M Mohsen Ibrahim 《Current hypertension reports》2018,20(5):38
Purpose of Review
Outline recent epidemiologic data regarding hypertension in developing countries, distinguish differences from developed countries, and identify challenges in management and future perspectives.Recent Findings
Increased sugar intake, air and noise pollution, and low birth weight are emerging hypertension risk factors. The major challenges in management are difficulties in accurate diagnosis of hypertension and adequate blood pressure control.Summary
In contrast to developed countries, hypertension prevalence rates are on the rise in developing countries with no improvement in awareness or control rates. The increasing burden of hypertension is largely attributable to behavioral factors, urbanization, unhealthy diet, obesity, social stress, and inactivity. Health authorities, medical societies, and drug industry can collaborate to improve hypertension control through education programs, public awareness campaigns, legislation to limit salt intake, encourage generic drugs, development and dissemination of national guidelines, and involving nurses and pharmacists in hypertension management. More epidemiologic data are needed in the future to identify reasons behind increased prevalence and poor blood pressure control and examine trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. National programs for better hypertension control based on local culture, economic characteristics, and available resources in the population are needed. The role of new tools for hypertension management should be tested in developing world.104.
N. Y. Haboubi S. A. Abdalla S. Amini P. Clark M. Dougal A. Dube P. Schofield 《International journal of colorectal disease》1998,13(2):99-102
To evaluate the significance of micrometastases in relation to survival rate, specimens from 48 colorectal carcinoma patients
were analysed after fat clearance. The number and size of the lymph nodes harbouring metastases and the significance of micrometastases
for patients' survival were assessed. We found that although the majority of metastatic lymph nodes (71.8%) were 5 mm or less
in diameter, their size had no effect on survival. Immunohistochemical staining of lymph nodes revealed that 15 of 25 patients
with Dukes' stage B diagnosed by routine staining had micrometastases, 86% of these lymph nodes being less than 5 mm in diameter.
The survival rate of this subgroup was found to be considerably poorer than that of Dukes' stage B patients with no micrometastases.
None of the three patients with Dukes' stage A carcinoma had micrometastases. Since most of the metastases and micrometastases
occur in lymph nodes of 5 mm and less and can be easily missed by routine examination, we suggest that fat clearance and routine
immunohistochemical analysis of Dukes' stage B improve the prediction of outcome of colorectal cancer patients.
Accepted: 10 February 1998 相似文献
105.
Regeneration of axons in injured spinal cord by activation of bone morphogenetic protein/Smad1 signaling pathway in adult neurons 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Parikh P Hao Y Hosseinkhani M Patil SB Huntley GW Tessier-Lavigne M Zou H 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2011,108(19):E99-107
Axon growth potential is highest in young neurons but diminishes with age, thus becoming a significant obstacle to axonal regeneration after injury in maturity. The mechanism for the decline is incompletely understood, and no effective clinical treatment is available to rekindle innate growth capability. Here, we show that Smad1-dependent bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is developmentally regulated and governs axonal growth in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Down-regulation of the pathway contributes to the age-related decline of the axon growth potential. Reactivating Smad1 selectively in adult DRG neurons results in sensory axon regeneration in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Smad1 signaling can be effectively manipulated by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding BMP4 delivered by a clinically applicable and minimally invasive technique, an approach devoid of unwanted abnormalities in mechanosensation or pain perception. Importantly, transected axons are able to regenerate even when the AAV treatment is delivered after SCI, thus mimicking a clinically relevant scenario. Together, our results identify a therapeutic target to promote axonal regeneration after SCI. 相似文献
106.
Successful treatment of molluscum contagiosum with topical imiquimod in a severely immunocompromised HIV-positive patient 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the immuno-compromised HIV-positive patient where it is often severe and affecting the face and neck. It is frequently resistant to conventional, locally destructive therapies. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the immunomodulatory drug imiquimod might be a valid therapeutic option in this group of patients. We report the case of a severely immunocompromised HIV-positive patient with resistant facial molluscum contagiosum lesions that responded to topical imiquimod. The response to therapy and the possible implications for pathogenesis are discussed. 相似文献
107.
108.
Nayu Ikeda David Sapienza Ramiro Guerrero Wichai Aekplakorn Mohsen Naghavi Ali H Mokdad Rafael Lozano Christopher JL Murray Stephen S Lim 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2014,92(1):10-19C
Objective
To examine hypertension management across countries and over time using consistent and comparable methods.Methods
A systematic search identified nationally representative health examination surveys from 20 countries containing data from 1980 to 2011 on blood pressure measurements, the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and its control with antihypertensive drugs. For each country, the prevalence of hypertension (i.e. systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or antihypertensive use) and the proportion of hypertensive individuals whose condition was diagnosed, treated or controlled with medications (i.e. systolic pressure < 140 mmHg) were estimated.Findings
The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension varied between countries: for individuals aged 35 to 49 years, it ranged from around 12% in Bangladesh, Egypt and Thailand to around 30% in Armenia, Lesotho and Ukraine; for those aged 35 to 84 years, it ranged from 20% in Bangladesh to more than 40% in Germany, the Russian Federation and Turkey. The age-standardized percentage of hypertensive individuals whose condition was diagnosed, treated or controlled was highest in the United States of America: for those aged 35 to 49 years, it was 84%, 77% and 56%, respectively. Percentages were especially low in Albania, Armenia, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey. Although recent trends in prevalence differed in England, Japan and the United States, treatment coverage and hypertension control improved over time, particularly in England.Conclusion
Globally the proportion of hypertensive individuals whose condition is treated or controlled with medication remains low. Greater efforts are needed to improve hypertension control, which would reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases. 相似文献109.
Mohammad Mirzaei Dehaghi Mohsen Fallahi Masoud Sami Mohammad Hosein Radfar 《Comparative clinical pathology》2013,22(3):343-346
Sarcocystosis caused by different Sarcocystis species and is a zoonotic protozoan infection with worldwide distribution in man and many animal species. In the present study, three techniques — direct inspection, impression smears and digestion method — were used for the diagnosis of Sarcocystis infection in 112 slaughtered sheep in a Kerman abattoir from November 2010 to May 2011. A total of 450 slaughtered sheep were selected randomly during three seasons, and their oesophagus and diaphragm were inspected using naked eye examination. In the second stage, 112 carcasses out of the 450 which had no apparent infection were selected randomly and their meat investigated using two techniques: impression smear with staining and pepsin digestion. The percentage of macroscopic cysts found in the oesophagus and diaphragm muscle was 6% and 2.88%, respectively, and microscopically, infection was found in 100% of the organs. There was no significant difference between different ages or between males and females. Although all of the sheep were found to be infected with Sarcocystis, majority of the cysts were demonstrated microscopically. This suggests that meat should be cooked sufficiently, since a macroscopic inspection may not provide true results. 相似文献
110.
Taher A Elalfy MS Al Zir K Daar S Al Jefri A Habr D Kriemler-Krahn U Roubert B El-Beshlawy A 《European journal of haematology》2011,87(4):349-354
This analysis evaluated the effects of deferasirox on liver iron concentration in moderate and heavily iron-overloaded patients with β-thalassaemia from the ESCALATOR trial (n = 231). Mean liver iron concentrations (LIC) decreased significantly from 21.1 ± 8.2 to 14.2 ± 12.1 mg Fe/g dry weight (dw) at 2 yr (P < 0.001) in patients with LIC ≥ 7 mg Fe/g dw at baseline; patients with LIC < 7 mg Fe/g dw maintained these levels over the treatment period. The proportion of patients with LIC < 7 mg Fe/g dw increased from 9.4% at core baseline to 39.3% by the end of year 2. The results showed that deferasirox enabled therapeutic goals to be achieved, by maintaining LIC in patients with LIC < 7 mg Fe/g dw at a mean dose of 22.4 ± 5.2 mg/kg/d and significantly reducing LIC in patients with LIC ≥ 7 mg Fe/g dw at a mean dose of 25.7 ± 4.2 mg/kg/d, along with a manageable safety profile. 相似文献